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Beberapa Hewan Laut Yang Indah Namun Mematikan
Okt 9 2023
Beberapa Hewan Laut Yang Indah Namun Mematikan

Beberapa Hewan Laut Mematikan -. Laut Adalah salah satu tempat paling indah yang ada di Bumi. Bagaimana tidak? Lautan luas dihuni oleh banyak hewan berwarna warni dengan bentuk indah serta tanaman yang unik. Karena nya, laut kerap menjadi destinasi favorit untuk refreshing maupun berolahraga.

Meskipun laut adalah tempat yang indah dan mengasyikan, tapi jangan sampe kamu menyentuh apa pun. Pasalnya, tak sedikit pun hewan penghuni lautan yang tampak indah dan menggemaskan, tetapi sebenernya sangat berbahaya. Ya, di balik tampilannya yang anggun, bisa saja mereka menyimpan racun yang siap di lepaskan pada musuh kapan pun mereka merasa terancam.

Kali ini, kita akan membahas beberapa hewan laut yang indah tapi mematikan.

1. Gurita Cincin Biru

Gurita Cincin Biru adalah salah satu spesies gurita paling indah dan mungil. Hewan ini mudah di kenali karena kulitnya yang kuning dengan pola berupa cincin biru dan hitam di dalam nya. Sayangnya, hewan yang hidup di Samudra Pasifik dan Hindia ini tergolong mematikan.

Dilansir laman Ocean Info, para ilmuan telat mengklarifikasi mereka sebagai salah satu hewan paling berbahaya di dunia. Sengatan hewan kecil ini mampu membuat seseorang mengalami kelumpuhan. Jika seseorang tersengat saat berenang, ini dapat mengakibatkan orang tersebut mati tenggelam. Hingga kini, peneliti belum menemukan penawar untuk racun ini.

2. Ubur-Ubur Kotak

Ubur-ubur kotak adalah mahluk laut yang anggun dan tampaknya tidak mengancam. Namun, faktanya, ubur ubur kotak termasuk dalam makhluk laut paling berbahaya di dunia.

Di lansir dari laman Ocean Info, sengatan ubur-ubur kotak dapat mengakibatkan kematian dalam waktu kurang dari 5 menit. Menariknya lagi, ubur ubur kotak bisa berenang dan mengejar mangsa dengan cepat. Ketika tentekel ubur ubur menyentuh kulit , nematocysts berbisa menempel pada tubuh dan menyebabkan rasa sakit yang luar biasa.

Beberapa Hewan Laut Yang Indah Namun Mematikan

 

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3. Udang Mantis

Udang Mantis adalah stomatopoda yang dapat tumbuh sepanjang 20cm, berwarna warni, serta memiliki mata yang besar dan cerah. Namun, mahluk laut ini lebih berbahaya daripada yang terlihat. Menurut studi yang di muat dalam jurnal Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical tahun 2021, para nelayan menangkap udang mantis berbahaya dan cenderung menghindari kontak langsung dengan mereka karena resiko yang terkait. Sejauh ini, sudah ada ima laporan cedera pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh udah mantis. empat oleh cakar, dan satu oleh ekor.

Udang mantis memiliki semacam tongkat yang ada di tubuh bagian depan, yang dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan cangkang mangsanya. Hewan kecil ini juga mampu memukul dengan kekuatan setara peluru kaliber 22. Saking kuatnya pukulan udang mantis, mereka bahkan dapat memecahkan akuarium kaca. Karenanya, mereka selalu disimpan di dalam wadah plastik tebal. Bahkan Guinness Book of World Records menyatakan bahwa udang mantis adalah hewan yang memiliki pukulan paling kuat.

4. Siput Kerucut

Siput Kerucut Hidup di bawah cangkang indah berwarna coklat, hitam, atau putih dan tidak tampak berbahaya. Namun, di balik tampilan polos mereka, tersembunyi bahaya yang luar biasa.

Di jelaskan lama All That Intersting, siput kerucut memiliki racun yang di gunakan untuk menyetrum dan melahap ikan kecil dan moluska yang mereka makan. Meskipun begitu, terkadang racun ini memberikan ancaman fatal bagi manusia.

Banyak penyelam yang tersengat racun saat mengambil cangkang siput kerucut dari dasar laut. Meskipun kebanyakan orang dapat pulih, beberapa berakhir dengan kematian.

5. Lion Fish

Lion Fish adalah mahluk indah favorit fotograper bawah air. Namun, jangan coba coba menyentuh lionfish karena ikan unik ini sangat beracun.

Menurut National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, di balik sirip lionfish yang seperti kipas terdapat sangat yang memiliki racun sangat kuat. Racun ini terdiri dari kombinasi protein, toksin neuromeskular, dan neurotransmitter yang di sebut asetillkolin. Sengatannya dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit yang luar biasa, berkeringan, gangguan pernafasan, dan bahkan kelumpuhan. Siapapun yang terkena sengatan lionfish harus mendapatkan bantuan medis sesegera mungkin.

 

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Megalodon: The Truth About the Largest Shark That Ever Lived
Jul 10 2023
Megalodon: The Truth About the Largest Shark That Ever Lived

Megalodon: The Truth About the Largest Shark That Ever Lived

https://boisetaxicompany.com/ – As one of the largest predators to have ever lived, megalodon captures people’s imagination – and for good reason. But was this apex predator simply a beefed-up great white shark, and is it still lurking in the dark depths of the ocean?

Emma Bernard, who curates the Museum’s fossil fish collection (including fossil sharks), helps separate fact from fiction.

How big is a megalodon?

The earliest megalodon fossils (Otodus megalodon, previously known as Carcharodon or Carcharocles megalodon) date to 20 million years ago. For the next 13 million years the enormous shark dominated the oceans until becoming extinct just 3.6 million years ago.

O. megalodon was not only the biggest shark in the world, but one of the largest fish ever to exist.

This giant shark is well-known for starring in the 2018 megalodon movie, The Meg. But in reality, these animals were a little shorter than the 23-metre-long fictional monster it depicted.

Estimates suggest megalodon actually grew to between 15 and 18 metres in length, three times longer than the largest recorded great white shark. It may have been comparable in length to today’s biggest whale sharks, the largest of which has measured in at 18.8 metres.

Without a complete megalodon skeleton to measure, these figures are based on tooth size. Megalodon teeth can reach 18 centimetres long. In fact, the word megalodon simply means ‘large tooth’. These teeth can tell us a lot, such as what these massive animals ate.

Research from 2022 suggests that megalodon’s size may have been affected by where it lived, with those in colder water growing to larger sizes.

What did megalodon eat?

Emma explains, ‘With its large serrated teeth megalodon would have eaten meat – most likely whales and large fish, and probably other sharks. If you are that big you need to eat a lot of food, so large prey is required.’

This would have included animals as small as dolphins and as large as humpback whales.

We have other evidence of megalodon’s feeding habits in the form of fossilised whale bones. Some of these have been found with the cut marks of megalodon teeth etched in the surface. Others even include the tips of teeth broken off in the bone during a feeding frenzy that occurred millions of years ago.

Megalodon jaws

In order to tackle prey as large as whales, megalodon had to be able to open its mouth wide. It is estimated that its jaw would span 2.7 by 3.4 metres wide, easily big enough to swallow two adult people side-by-side.

These jaws were lined with 276 teeth, and studies reconstructing the shark’s bite force suggest that it may have been one of the most powerful predators ever to have existed.

Humans have been measured with a bite force of around 1,317 Newtons (N), while great white sharks have been predicted to be able to bite down with a force of 18,216N. Researchers have estimated that megalodon had a bite of between 108,514 and 182,201N.

What did megalodon look like?

Most reconstructions show megalodon looking like an enormous great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias. This is now believed to be incorrect.

O. megalodon likely had a much shorter nose, or rostrum, when compared with the great white, with a flatter, almost squashed jaw. Like the blue shark, it also had extra-long pectoral fins to support its weight and size.

‘A lot of reconstructions have megalodon looking like a bigger version of the great white shark because for a long time people thought they were related,’ explains Emma. ‘We now know that this is not the case, and megalodon is actually from a different lineage of shark of which megalodon was the last member.’

The oldest definitive ancestor of megalodon is a 55-million-year-old shark known as Otodus obliquus, which grew to around 10 metres in length. But the evolutionary history of this shark is thought to stretch back to Cretalamna appendiculata, dating to 105 million years old – making the lineage of megalodon over 100 million years old.

‘As we’ve found more and more fossils, we’ve realised that the ancestor to the great white shark lived alongside megalodon. Some scientists think they might even have been in competition with each other,’ says Emma.

Where did the megalodon live?

O. megalodon was adapted to warm tropical and subtropical locations around the globe. The species was so widely spread that megalodon teeth have been found on every continent except Antarctica.

‘We can find lots of their teeth off the east coast of North America, along the coasts and at the bottom of saltwater creeks and rivers of North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida,’ explains Emma. This is likely due in part to the age of the rocks, but also because they can easily be found on the sea floor allowing collectors to go diving for them.

‘They are also quite common off the coast of Morocco and parts of Australia. They can even be found in the UK near Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex,’ says Emma, although they are extremely rare in the UK and tend to be of poor quality.

Are megalodon teeth rare?

Almost all fossil remains of megalodon are teeth.

Sharks continually produce teeth throughout their entire lives. Depending on what they eat, sharks lose a set of teeth every one to two weeks, getting through up to 40,000 teeth in their lifetime. This means that shark teeth are continuously raining down onto the ocean floor, increasing the chance that they will get fossilised.

Teeth are also the hardest part of a shark’s skeleton. While our bones are coated in the mineral calcium phosphate, shark skeletons are made entirely from softer cartilage like our nose and ears. Megalodon teeth have been found on every continent except Antarctica

So while the more robust teeth become fossilised relatively easily, only in very special circumstances will soft tissue be preserved.

Fossilised megalodon vertebrae about the size of a dinner plate have also been found.

‘There is also a megalodon fossil found in Peru that apparently has the braincase and all the teeth, with a small string of vertebrae,’ says Emma, ‘although I have yet to see high-quality images of this specimen.’

This extraordinary fossil may help create a better picture of what these gigantic predators looked like.

Why did megalodon go extinct?

We know that megalodon had become extinct by the end of the Pliocene (2.6 million years ago), when the planet entered a phase of global cooling. Precisely when the last megalodon died is not known, but new evidence suggests that it was at least 3.6 million years ago.

Scientists think that up to a third of all large marine animals, including 43% of turtles and 35% of sea birds, became extinct as temperatures cooled and the number of organisms at the base of the food chain plummeted, resulting in a knock-on effect to the predators at the top.

The cooling of the planet may have contributed to the extinction of the megalodon in a number of ways.

As the adult sharks were dependent on tropical waters, the drop in ocean temperatures likely resulted in a significant loss of habitat. It may also have resulted in the megalodon’s prey either going extinct or adapting to the cooler waters and moving to where the sharks could not follow.

Megalodon is also thought to have given birth to its young close to the shore. These shallow coastal waters would have provided a nursery for the pups, protecting them from predators that were lurking in the open water, like the larger toothed whales. As ice formed at the poles and the sea level dropped, these pupping grounds would have been destroyed.

A study from 2022 suggests that competition with great white sharks for food may also have contributed to megalodon’s downfall. Studies of fossilised megalodon and great white teeth show that their diets overlapped.

Is the megalodon still alive?

‘No. It’s definitely not alive in the deep oceans, despite what the Discovery Channel has said in the past,’ notes Emma.

‘If an animal as big as megalodon still lived in the oceans we would know about it.’

The sharks would leave telltale bite marks on other large marine animals, and their huge teeth would continue littering the ocean floors in their tens of thousands. Not to mention that as a warm-water species, megalodon would not be able to survive in the cold waters of the deep, where it would have a better chance of going unnoticed.

Discover more about megalodon and shark evolution with Emma Bernard in the video below.

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Are Dragons Real? - Lesson for Kids
Jul 6 2023
Are Dragons Real? – Lesson for Kids

Are Dragons Real? - Lesson for Kids

While European dragons were usually depicted as monsters or enemies, on the other side of the world, ancient Asian cultures came up with their own ideas about dragons. Instead of big lizards, they appeared much thinner and longer and could be very small, very big, or anywhere in between. Eastern Asian dragons were usually symbols, meaning they represented something, such as wisdom, power, or nature, that was capable of helping people in numerous ways. For example, one Chinese dragon lived at the bottom of a deep spring and controlled the rain, and a type of Chinese tea today is named Dragon Well Tea.

Asian Dragons

In Vietnam, people believed that a dragon guarded the countryside and created a series of islands off the coast of Ha Long, which means ”descending dragon.” The capital city of Seoul, Korea lies between one mountain that looks like a tiger and one that looks like a dragon; the dragon mountain is considered lucky. In Borneo, an island in southeast Asia, legend holds that a dragon guards a huge jewel on top of Mount Kinabalu.

While there are no creatures on Earth that can fly and breathe fire, there are huge lizards that are known as dragons. Perhaps the most famous is the Komodo dragon, which can be ten feet long and weigh over 300 pounds. These huge lizards live on the islands of Indonesia and are the biggest carnivores, or meat eaters, around. They eat pretty much everything they find, including cows, pigs, and deer. They’ve even killed humans!

There are about 5,000 Komodo dragons left in the wild. Millions of years ago, when the planet was warmer and better for reptiles, more of these giant dragons lived throughout South Asia and Australia, and they grew even larger than the ones today. However, a changing planet, along with people moving in, has made the Komodo dragon among the last real dragons left in the world.

Research Characteristics of Dragons.

The lesson discussed mythical dragons and the characteristics that those dragons had in common, which are breathing fire and flying. Let’s think about and explore how these characteristics may be found in a dragon by looking at examples in present-day animals and insects.
Fire-breathing ability

If you think about dragons which have been portrayed in movies and cartoons, this is one of the common features they share. Is it possible for an animal to produce fire? Let’s consider a different characteristic that some creatures have – the ability to produce light. Research this phenomenon called bioluminescence, and discuss how this property occurs. Also, research what elements are needed for fire to occur. Then think about whether a process can occur in a creature to produce fire.

Answers:

A number of different organisms produce light, with one of the most familiar examples being the firefly. Bioluminescence generally produces light as a reaction, where the oxidation of a chemical called luciferin occurs with the assistance of an enzyme called luciferase and high energy molecule called ATP.

Three elements are required for fire to occur, which is known as the fire pyramid. There must be a fuel source, oxygen must be present, and a source of ignition must exist.

If a dragon were to produce fire, we would have to think about what could be used as a fuel source. Certain bacteria can break down partially digested food and produce methane. This occurs in higher levels in some animals, like cows. Perhaps a dragon could have a gland containing a large number of bacteria that produce methane for a fuel source. A chemical reaction, possibly similar to bioluminescence, may then be used as a source of ignition for the fuel.

Ability to fly

Dragons are often also portrayed with wings. Birds are an excellent example of achieving the ability to fly. Research how birds use wings to fly and think about whether this would work for a larger creature, such as a dragon.

Answer:

Birds are able to fly by pushing air down and behind with their wings. Do you think that a larger creature, like a dragon, would be able to use wings to fly like birds?

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